…journal of a practising musician…

Tag: Musicianship

E Pluribus Unity – Beginning the World Again

About my new song – coming March 11!

Out of many, one.

Etching of Thomas Paine, by John Kay, 1790.
Thomas Paine 1790
John Kay, artist (1742-1826), Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Me, approximately age 6: “Dad, what does ‘e plurib…’ this, on the dollar bill, mean?” If you’ve ever met my father you know you’ll always get far more than just the answer you were looking for. That particular day I heard that it was an early motto of the country we both happened to be born in, but not the official motto. That was also printed on our money: “In God we trust,” which I’m certain he followed, as ever, with, “…all others pay cash.”

Hope and promise — the stuff of song

I was raised to believe that E Pluribus Unum meant something more than its translation. It was an expression of hope, a promise to become whole — and better than what had come before.

Not that it perfectly described reality. It clearly did not. American liberty did not extend to everyone in 1776, nor in 1876, not in 1965, ’84… in fact, it never has. But it named an aspiration: out of many, one. Not sameness. Not uniformity. Unity.

That aspiration fascinated me that day, and filled me with hope, long before I wrote any song — half a lifetime, to be precise; I wrote my first two songs at age 9! I’ve written many songs since, and though many years later it remains a fact that few have heard them, I continue writing. It’s now the 21st century, and though I don’t have a flying car, like George Jetson, I have a digital audio workstation (DAW). I’m learning how to fly.

My newest song, “E Pluribus Unity – Diversity is Strength” began, musically and lyrically, at a cosmic scale. The verses step back from our self-importance entirely. They consider the age of the Earth, the span of human history, the size of the Milky Way. Against 13.8 billion years, our ideological quarrels are microscopic. Against the breadth of a galaxy, our tribal anxieties seem almost fragile. And yet — within our brief span — we often allow them to matter immensely.

To begin again

It is possible to hold both thoughts at once: that we are cosmically small, and morally consequential. That tension led me back to 1776. When Thomas Paine published Common Sense, he was not writing from a position of comfort. The outcome of the American experiment was far from certain. Fear was not irrational; it was pervasive. Empire was powerful. Independence was dangerous. And yet Paine wrote:

“We have it in our power to begin the world over again.”

I adapted portions of that passage for the bridge of this song — compressing, omitting, reshaping — trying to preserve its force within a fourteen-bar section. The line that stayed with me most was this idea of beginning again. Not perfecting the old world. Not retreating into it. Beginning anew.

Paine’s rhetoric was not gentle. In The Crisis he went further, naming fear as the foundation of reaction, even writing: “Every Tory is a coward; for servile, slavish, self-interested fear is the foundation of Toryism…” Eighteenth-century polemic was not subtle!

To be governed by fear, or by vision?

Beneath the invective was a psychological claim: that contraction, exclusion, and smallness are often rooted in fear. Paine believed the revolutionary project required courage — not merely military courage, but imaginative courage.

Every era confronts the question: will fear govern us, or will vision? The theme feels contemporary without being partisan.

Theme to music

For the songwriters and musicians who may be reading, while everything I’ve ever done begins with improvisation, when I’m with it, the DAW lets me capture much I once let get away. I thought this one out: the verses and chorus live in A Major — grounded, stable, almost luminous. In the bridge, the harmony shifts abruptly into C Mixolydian. There is no careful preparation. The floor moves. The tonal center relocates. It destabilizes before it resolves. That move was not accidental.

Revolutions — personal or political — rarely arrive politely. They interrupt. They displace. They challenge the security of what felt settled.

And then, if they are to endure, they must integrate. The harmony finds its way home again — not unchanged, but clarified. The guitars and the Mini Moog trade phrases like a small ensemble arguing toward coherence, and before the conversation ends they speak in unison.

Out of many voices, one line.

That unison is not uniformity. The timbres remain distinct. The instruments do not become each other. But they converge.

I am under no illusion about the historical contradictions embedded in the founding era. The rhetoric of liberty coexisted with slavery, dispossession, and exclusion. The American story has always been morally unfinished.

But I was raised to believe that the aspiration itself — the expansive language of equality and shared destiny — matters. That the ideal exerts pressure on the reality. That it calls nations and humanity forward rather than to fall backward.

The dream is over
What can I say?
The dream is over
Yesterday
I was the dream weaver
But now I’m reborn
I was the Walrus
But now I’m John
And so, dear friends
You’ll just have to carry on…

John Lennon

So dear friends, shall we carry on?

The question, nearly 250 years later, is not whether the experiment was flawed. It was. The question is whether we still believe in expansion rather than contraction. Whether diversity is a threat to be managed or a strength to be woven into unity.

Against the scale of the universe, our fears are small. But within the narrow bandwidth of our lives, they can shape everything.

Paine believed ordinary people possessed the power to reimagine their political world. He believed imagination was not naive — it was necessary.

The universe is larger now than he knew. We are smaller within it than we once imagined. And yet his assertion remains unsettling:

We have it in our power to begin the world over again.

“We have it in our power to begin the world over again. A situation, similar to the present, hath not happened since the days of Noah until now. The birthday of a new world is at hand, and a race of men, perhaps as numerous as all Europe contains, are to receive their portion of freedom from the events of a few months. The reflection is awful, and in this point of view, how trifling, how ridiculous, do the little paltry cavilings of a few weak or interested men appear, when weighed against the business of a world.”
— Thomas Paine (1776), Appendix to Common Sense

That line does not belong to 1776 alone. It belongs to any generation willing to claim it.

My newest song, “E Pluribus Unity – Diversity is Strength” will drop March 11.

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E Pluribus Unity – Diversity is Strength

Verse

Have you contemplated the age of our Mother Earth?
And all the life that grew before we appeared
Paved our way to birth?

Have you not considered the size of the Milky Way?
Have you stood in the eye of the hurricane and
Counted stars that way?

Chorus

Diversity is strength
Equity means fairness
Inclusion builds community
Awakening awareness
Dignity, respect
Or simply say “good manners”
Each culture has its Golden Rule
Let’s build a better world

Verse

Have you anticipated A time when we all can be free
To live and love without facing judgement
For whom we’ve come to be?

Bridge

[The birthday of a new world ]
We have it in our power to begin the world again…
[How trifling, how ridiculous … ]
The little paltry cavilings of a few weak … men appear,
when weighed against the business of a world.”

Choruses out

Diversity is strength
Equity means fairness
Inclusion builds community
Awake in bright awareness
Dignity, respect
And mutu’l understanding
Each culture has its Golden Rule
Let’s build a better world

© Word & Music 2026 Richard Fouchaux/GuitarFaces Music All rights reserved

About “The Lion Sleeps Tonight”

Miriam Makeba did not make this song famous internationally. The Tokens did, in 1961. Its origins lie with South African Zulu musician Solomon Linda and The Evening Birds’ “Mbube,” in 1939. Moreover, the song’s history is actually a case study in cultural appropriation and exploitation, which later became a political issue in its own right.

Miriam Makeba in her dressing room, wearing traditional headgear, 1969.
1969/03/07 Rob Mieremet / Anefo Nationaal Archief
Public Domain Dedication (CC0)

But if The Lion Sleeps Tonight is the Miriam Makeba you know best, it’s understandable. And yet—it’s diametrically opposed to her importance, as an artist and as a South African.

A witness in exile

Miriam Makeba’s singing often functions like testimony rather than persuasion. She was apartheid’s witness in exile, attesting to its horrors, her words and music censored at home—her songs functioning as deposition rather than slogan. Once you see that, she’s impossible to misfile as merely “world music” — or 60’s nostalgia.

Life-risking testimony — not mere metaphor

Jacob Ori welcomes Miriam to Israel 1963, kissing her hand as one does royalty, as she steps from the plane.
Jacob Ori + unknown
welcome Miriam to Israel (1963) Public Domain Dedication (CC0)

Miriam Makeba, Hugh Masekela, and others understood singing as life-risking testimony, not metaphor. To get to know the true Miriam, a rewarding next step is to listen to “Soweto Blues” and “Ndodemnyama” back-to-back, paying attention not just to lyrics but to delivery—how restraint itself becomes political. That’s where her power lives.

Hamba kahle, Miriam. Lala ngamandla, Miriam! Go well!

Pumzika kwa heshima — na nguvu, Miriam! Rest with dignity — and with power!

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Whose Music Is This, Anyway?

Misattribution

I recently came across a quote attributed to Lao Tzu that immediately raised my suspicions:

“Music in the soul can be heard by the universe.”

It is a beautiful sentiment. It is also almost certainly not Taoist—and almost certainly not Lao Tzu.

Lao-tzu on music

The line has the familiar feel of a modern greeting-card aphorism: affirming, expressive, and quietly centered on the self. My doubts grew when I set it beside an authentic verse from the Tao Te Ching:

“The five colors blind the eye.
The five tones deafen the ear.
The five flavors numb the taste.”

(Chapter 12)

This is not a rejection of music, but it is a warning: refined sensation can interfere with perception rather than deepen it. Taoism, from the beginning, has been wary of confusing stimulation with insight.

That tension—between music as expression and music as interference—is where this reflection begins.

Three Kinds of Music

The Taoist thinker Zhuangzi, writing a generation or two after Lao Tzu, offers one of the most intriguing accounts of music in world philosophy. Zhuangzi lived during the Warring States period, around the 4th century BCE, and is credited with writing a work known by his name, the Zhuangzi, considered one of two foundational texts of Taoism, alongside the Tao Te Ching. He describes three kinds of music:

The Music of Man
The Music of Earth
The Music of Heaven

The Music of Man is what we usually mean by music: instruments, compositions, styles, genres, techniques, systems of taste. It is intentional, cultivated, and deeply human.

The Music of Earth is sound without human design: wind passing through valleys, trees, or hollow spaces, each producing different tones according to their shape. No composer. No audience. Just conditions giving rise to sound.

Then there is the Music of Heaven—the most elusive of the three. This is not “higher” music, nor sacred repertoire. It is the spontaneous resonance of things responding to one another without effort, ownership, or assertion.

Zhuangzi’s quietly unsettling question

Zhuangzi points to the innumerable voices of the world itself—sounds and forms arising spontaneously as conditions shift—which he calls the ‘ten thousand differences’: a boundless plurality in which nothing stands as the source, and everything emerges through relation rather than design. Zhuangzi poses a quietly unsettling question:

“Who is it that blows the ten thousand differences?”

The question undermines the assumption that sound must belong to someone. Even human music, he suggests, may participate in the Music of Heaven—but only when the insistence on authorship falls away.

Expression, Attunement, and a Familiar Modern Pressure

Much contemporary music culture—especially online—rests on an expressive model: music as self-disclosure, output, and signal. We are encouraged to publish constantly, iterate relentlessly, and trust that quantity leads to quality.

For many musicians, this approach is practical, even necessary. I have no quarrel with it, and no interest in disparaging those for whom it is fruitful.

But Taoism invites a different question: not how much music we make, but how music happens at all.

Zhuangzi is not concerned with productivity, consistency, or optimization. He is concerned with interference. The danger is not making too much music, but trying too hard to make music mean something—to assert, impress, compete, or declare.

This is where modern expressive ideals quietly diverge from Taoist thought. The Taoist concern is not authenticity or emotional honesty; it is attunement—the capacity to respond to the music itself, to its rhythms, silences, and subtleties, rather than imposing a will on it. Music goes astray when the self insists on being the source.

A Brief Detour: Confucianism and Buddhism

This Taoist position stands out more clearly when contrasted with two neighboring traditions.

Confucianism treats music as moral technology. Proper music cultivates virtue, stabilizes emotion, and reinforces social harmony. Music is valuable because it shapes people toward an ordered ideal. Zhuangzi’s skepticism toward standards of taste and harmony is, in part, a response to this instrumental view.

Buddhism, especially in its early forms, is wary of music as sensory pleasure—something that can foster attachment and distraction. Later traditions, particularly Zen, soften this stance. A bell, a clap, or a sudden sound can provoke awakening. Yet even here, sound ultimately points toward impermanence and non-attachment.

Zhuangzi’s position is different again. He does not treat sound as moral tool, nor as temptation, nor even as illusion. He treats it as unknowable. The problem is not sound, but the claim that it belongs to us.

Listening as Aspiration

This brings us back to the opening quote.

The idea that “music in the soul can be heard by the universe” assumes that our highest aspiration is to be heard—to project something inward outward, and have it recognized.

Taoism quietly reverses this direction.

In Zhuangzi, music does not elevate the human voice into the cosmos; it tests whether the human voice can fall silent enough to hear what is already sounding.

This is not a call to stop making music. It is a call to notice when music feels forced, anxious, or performative—when it feels like a claim rather than a response.

For some musicians, this perspective can feel alienating in a culture organized around metrics, output, and comparison. For others, it can feel like permission: to work slowly, to listen deeply, to trust intervals of silence, and to let music arise rather than be extracted.

Where I Stand (Quietly)

I do not believe there is one correct path. The Music of Man matters; skill matters; practice matters. But the Music of Heaven does not respond to pressure, volume, or ambition.

If this way of thinking resonates, you are not alone—even if it sometimes feels that way in competitive spaces. Taoism has been quietly offering this alternative for over two thousand years: not a rejection of music, but a refusal to hurry it, own it, or turn it into proof of worth.

Concluding remark

The universe does not need to hear our music. Perhaps the deeper aspiration is learning to listen, fully and quietly, as music arises.

Peace, my friends!

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Breathe, and it shall be given

Pro Metronome app with settings for 4:6 regulated breath control. Tempo 60, time signature 10/4, subdivision quarter notes. There's a strong accent set on Beat 1, and a lesser accent on Beat 5.
Pro Metronome — “The best metronome app. Period.” Those are their words, but I don’t disagree. These settings will help you do 4:6 breathing. See below…

Breath control is life control

When I was diagnosed with ADHD I learned there’s solid scientific evidence that controlled breathing techniques can improve focus, help regulate emotions, and reduce stress. While these are all factors that are particularly relevant for managing ADHD, the knowledge is ancient and has benefited the human family for centuries.

4:6 — the golden ratio of breath control

With diaphragm engaged, Inhale for 4 seconds, exhale for 6, through your nose. You will take 10 breaths each minute. Butterflies disintegrate. Anxiety melts away. If you practice several times a day, in about 3 weeks it will become easy.

This is not new!

The integration of biofeedback into ADHD management is, in many ways, a scientific rediscovery of wisdom that has guided monks, yogis, and meditators for millennia. What is new is our ability to measure and fine-tune these techniques with modern tools, offering personalized, data-driven approaches to cultivating focus and self-regulation. For musicians like me, this has a direct impact not only on mental clarity but also on technical precision, fluidity, and expressive depth in performance.

Both modern science and ancient traditions converge on the idea that a longer exhale is beneficial for calming the nervous system, improving attention, and reducing stress. Given that ADHD is often associated with heightened sympathetic activity (fight-or-flight response), techniques that prolong exhalation—such as the 4-second inhale, 6-second exhale pattern I practice—can help restore balance and enhance focus, impulse control, and emotional regulation.

Practices such as pranayama in yoga, zen meditation (zazen), and breath-focused Vipassana all emphasize deliberate control of respiration to calm the mind and enhance awareness. Modern neurofeedback and biofeedback systems mirror the traditional emphasis on deep breathing as a gateway to mental clarity and self-mastery.

Practices that cultivate slow, rhythmic breathing—whether through Buddhism-inspired meditation, yogic breath work, or contemporary HRV (heart rate variability) biofeedback—appear to share a common mechanism: regulation of the autonomic nervous system.

By slowing the breath to around six cycles per minute (a frequency also seen in traditional contemplative practices), these methods increase parasympathetic activity (rest-and-digest response) while reducing excessive arousal in the sympathetic nervous system (fight-or-flight response). This balance fosters greater cognitive control, emotional stability, and resilience—all of which are valuable for musicians striving for peak performance.

A practical way for musicians (and everyone else who wants to try 4:6)

The image above shows Pro Metronome app with settings for 4:6 regulated breath control. Tempo 60, time signature 10/4, subdivision quarter notes. There’s a strong accent set on Beat 1, and a lesser accent on Beat 5.

Why This Works

1. Rhythmic Entraining of the Nervous System

  • Using 60 BPM aligns your breathing with a precise, predictable timing, reinforcing autonomic regulation (which ADHD brains often struggle with).
  • The 10/4 meter creates a natural musical flow, making it easier to internalize.

2. Motor-Sensory Integration

  • Pairing breath with instrument practice strengthens neuromuscular coordination.
  • This links timing, attention, and body awareness, making the breathing habit feel automatic.

3. Cognitive & Learning Benefits

  • Since tempo perception and working memory are tied to dopamine (which ADHD brains often lack), this method reinforces rhythmic precision, helping with focus and musical accuracy.
  • Practising with controlled breathing also helps in phrasing and relaxation, especially for pieces that require precise breath control (for wind instruments, singing, or even string bowing).

Helping Non-Musicians

For non-musicians, a metronome app like Pro Metronome or Soundbrenner can be set to:

  • 60 BPM, accent on beats 1 & 5 (for the inhale/exhale structure).
  • Used during walking, stretching, or typing to create a subconscious rhythmic breathing pattern.
  • Integrated with other rhythmic activities like drumming, clapping, or even pacing during work.

Applied to practice

In most parts of the world today, most of the music most of us hear is in 4/4. I do the 10/4 metronome practice to achieve 4:6 breathing before and after I practice scales, songs, studies and pieces. My goal is to keep breathing, and maintain the relaxation—and serene guitar faces—that brings me. I’m wary of holding my breath while I’m playing. When I make mistakes and become distracted I often notice I’m holding my breath. I believe these techniques could be applied later I may have great benefit, but I believe for the time being, I will stick to my 4;6 ratio during general daily activities, and try not to hold my breath while I’m practising or performing music. But there are good reasons reasons I might try other patterns and techniques in the future.

Other ratios

Box breathing or four-square breathing, is a structured breathing technique that promotes relaxation and focus. It involves four equal phases:

  1. Inhale for a count of four
  2. Hold the breath for a count of four
  3. Exhale for a count of four
  4. Hold the breath again for a count of four

This technique is used in mindfulness meditation and stress management, and it has been adopted by groups like the U.S. Navy SEALs to improve focus under pressure.

While box breathing follows a strict symmetrical pattern, other breathing techniques, such as 4-7-8 breathing (inhale for 4 seconds, hold for 7, exhale for 8), emphasize a longer exhalation to stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system. A 2023 study found that just five minutes of breathwork daily, including methods like box breathing, led to greater improvements in mood and physiological stress responses compared to mindfulness meditation alone. Other research suggests benefits such as reduced blood pressure, improved attention, and decreased symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Conclusion

Scientific studies suggest that controlled breathing techniques, including box breathing, can lower stress, improve mood, and even enhance cognitive function. All of the above can only enhance musicianship. Since beginning this practice I notice it takes me less time to memorize pieces and passages. My anxiety levels when playing or recording, and stage fright in general, have decreased profoundly. This is something that has helped me achieve much more than simply remembering where I put my wallet!

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